Trends for the prevalence of instrumental activity of daily living disability over time in 1997–2006 by age, gender, living region and specific instrumental activity of daily living items
| IADL disability | 1997 (n=1533) | 2000 (n=1581) | 2004 (n=2028) | 2006 (n=2256) | ptrend* |
| Total sample | 597 (38.9) | 562 (35.5) | 554 (27.3) | 601 (26.6) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 60–69 | 266 (27.5) | 231 (24.3) | 181 (15.3) | 180 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 209 (48.7) | 233 (46.0) | 255 (37.9) | 282 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 122 (88.4) | 98 (79.0) | 118 (69.0) | 139 (68.5) | 0.002 |
| Gender | |||||
| Men | 213 (29.9) | 174 (23.9) | 183 (19.0) | 217 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| Women | 384 (46.8) | 388 (45.5) | 371 (34.8) | 384 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Living region | |||||
| Urban | 202 (31.6) | 159 (25.0) | 168 (21.1) | 194 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 395 (44.2) | 403 (42.7) | 386 (31.3) | 407 (28.9) | <0.001 |
| Specific IADL items | |||||
| Shopping | 150 (9.8) | 140 (8.9) | 185 (9.2) | 221 (9.8) | 0.047 |
| Cooking | 157 (10.3) | 119 (7.5) | 173 (8.5) | 178 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Transportation | 421 (27.8) | 391 (24.8) | 410 (20.3) | 479 (21.4) | <0.001 |
| Managing money | 167 (11.0) | 136 (8.6) | 160 (7.9) | 200 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Using telephone | 355 (24.2) | 336 (21.8) | 281 (14.1) | 290 (13.0) | <0.001 |
*The generalised estimation equation model was performed after controlling for age, sex, education, living region, race, marital status, access to healthcare facility, ever smoking, alcohol intake, leisure activity and chronic multimorbidity.
IADL, instrumental activity of daily living.