Analysis of mediation in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and body composition measures at adulthood in the 1982 (at 30 years) and 1993 (22 years) Pelotas birth cohorts, Brazil
| Anthropometric and body composition measures | Mediators | G-computation estimate (95% CI) | Mediated effect (%) | |
| Natural direct effect | Natural indirect effect | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Birth weight | 0.79 (0.44 to 1.15) | 0.13 (−0.05 to 0.31) | 14.1 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | 0.01 (−0.53 to 0.54) | 0.21 (−0.08 to 0.50) | 96.2 | |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) | Birth weight | 0.44 (0.19 to 0.70) | −0.03 (−0.16 to 0.10) | 7.7 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | −0.02 (−0.40 to 0.35) | −0.06 (−0.27 to 0.14) | 71.7 | |
| Android to gynoid fat ratio | Birth weight | 0.014 (0.006 to 0.022) | −0.002 (−0.006 to 0.002) | 17.1 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | 0.018 (0.005 to 0.030) | 0.001 (−0.006 to 0.007) | 3.4 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Birth weight | 2.02 (1.28 to 2.76) | 0.18 (−0.22 to 0.57) | 8.1 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | 0.12 (−1.03 to 1.26) | 0.72 (0.09 to 1.34) | 86.1 | |
| Waist to height ratio | Birth weight | 0.012 (0.007 to 0.016) | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.003) | 3.0 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | 0.002 (−0.005 to 0.009) | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.007) | 56.0 | |
| Lean mass index (kg/m2) | Birth weight | 0.37 (0.25 to 0.48) | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.10) | 8.9 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | 0.16 (−0.02 to 0.34) | −0.02 (−0.11 to 0.08) | 12.7 | |
| Height (cm) | Birth weight | −0.40 (−0.78 to −0.02) | −0.18 (−0.39 to 0.03) | 30.9 |
| Weight gain from birth to 2 years | −0.93 (−1.52 to −0.33) | 0.10 (−0.24 to 0.43) | 11.5 | |