General characteristics of the study population, using 2011–2019 Korea community health survey data
| Variable | Weighted men (N (%)) | Weighted women (N (%)) |
| Year | ||
| 2011 | 2 153 288 (15.0) | 2 935 595 (15.8) |
| 2013 | 2 542 206 (17.7) | 3 365 349 (18.1) |
| 2015 | 2 889 175 (20.1) | 3 791 815 (20.4) |
| 2017 | 3 238 425 (22.5) | 4 128 931 (22.2) |
| 2019 | 3 550 167 (24.7) | 4 396 952 (23.6) |
| Fall experience | ||
| No | 12 213 830 (85.0) | 14 212 769 (76.4) |
| Yes | 2 159 431 (15.0) | 4 405 873 (23.7) |
| Self-rated oral health | ||
| Good | 6 380 547 (44.4) | 7 676 231 (41.2) |
| Poor | 7 992 714 (55.6) | 10 942 410 (58.8) |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||
| Age, years | ||
| 65–74 | 9 218 396 (64.1) | 10 842 801 (58.2) |
| 75–84 | 4 550 581 (31.7) | 6 498 438 (34.9) |
| 85– | 604 284 (4.2) | 1 277 402 (6.9) |
| Education | ||
| College or over | 2 656 892 (18.5) | 844 777 (4.5) |
| High school | 3 878 954 (27.0) | 2 124 657 (11.4) |
| Middle school or below | 7 818 662 (54.5) | 15 625 757 (84.0) |
| Body mass index | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1 106 346 (7.7) | 2 896 611 (15.6) |
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 5 476 436 (38.1) | 6 404 979 (34.4) |
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 4 216 652 (29.3) | 4 251 511 (22.8) |
| Obese (>24.9) | 3 573 826 (24.9) | 5 065 540 (27.2) |
| Household income level (US$/month) | ||
| ≥US$4227 | 6 426 925 (44.7) | 6 594 085 (35.4) |
| US$2537–US$4227 | 2 163 382 (15.1) | 2 444 782 (13.1) |
| US$846–US$2536 | 1 242 175 (8.6) | 1 617 728 (8.7) |
| <US$846 | 4 540 779 (31.6) | 7 962 047 (42.8) |
| Health status and behaviours, and psychological factors | ||
| Hypertension | ||
| No | 7 167 805 (49.9) | 8 166 783 (43.9) |
| Yes | 7 201 841 (50.1) | 10 443 521 (56.1) |
| Diabetes | ||
| No | 11 178 952 (77.8) | 14 676 643 (78.9) |
| Yes | 3 190 830 (22.2) | 3 935 213 (21.1) |
| Smoking | ||
| Current | 2 885 967 (20.1) | 451 473 (2.4) |
| Former | 8 320 260 (57.9) | 517 958 (2.8) |
| Never | 3 167 034 (22.03) | 17 649 210 (94.79) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| No | 1 773 185 (12.3) | 8 813 808 (47.3) |
| Yes | 12 600 075 (87.7) | 9 804 834 (52.7) |
| Walking activity | ||
| Walking for 30 min/day and ≥5 days a week | 7 090 013 (49.4) | 7 383 545 (39.7) |
| The others | 7 273 763 (50.6) | 11 221 368 (60.3) |
| Self-rated health status | ||
| Good | 9 697 984 (67.5) | 9 577 551 (51.4) |
| Poor | 4 674 962 (32.5) | 9 039 606 (48.6) |
| Depression | ||
| No | 13 580 883 (94.5) | 16 856 182 (90.5) |
| Yes | 792 377 (5.5) | 1 762 459 (9.5) |